This edition first published 2017
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| 1.1 | Examples of simple and complex tics |
| 1.2 | Examples of body focused repetitive disorder of hair pulling, skin picking, nail biting, neck cracking, body symmetry, and idiosyncratic |
| 1.3 | Impact of habits and physical and psychological sequelae |
| 2.1 | Classification of tics according to the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems Version 10 (ICD‐X) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Version 5 (DSM‐5) |
| 2.2 | Therapist interview schedule for assessing tic and habit severity |
| 2.3 | Evaluation of actual life functioning for tics and habits |
| 2.4 | Differential diagnosis |
| 2.5 | Example of similar complex mental tics and obsessional compulsions |
| 2.6 | Questionnaire for distinguishing obsessive‐compulsive disorder from obsessive‐compulsive disorder with Tourette's syndrome |
| 2.7 | Distinguishing tic disorders and habit disorders |
| 2.8 | Different criteria for identifying between habit disorders and harmless habits such as twiddles |
| 2.9 | Differentiating tic or habit disorders from harmless habits such as twitches, which can be easily controlled |
| 2.10 | Version 1—Hair pulling scale |
| 2.11 | Version 2—Nail biting scale |
| 2.12 | Version 3—Scratching scale |
| 2.13 | Version 4—Skin picking scale |
| 2.14 | Version 5—Individual personalized habits scale |
| 2.15 | Style of planning (STOP) |
| 2.16 | Thinking about Tics Inventory form (THAT) |
| 3.1 | Expectancy therapy evaluation form |
| 3.2 | Motivation questionnaire |
| 3.3 | B.e.s.t. Buddy form |
| 3.4 | Roadblocks and solutions |
| 3.5 | Social support |
| 3.6 | Quality of social support |
| 3.7 | Inconvenience review sheet |
| 3.8 | My goals |
| 4.1 | Unit of tic description form |
| 4.2 | Video monitoring form for B.e.s.t. Buddy observations |
| 4.3 | Premonitory signs |
| 4.4 | Daily diary |
| 4.5 | Rating table for daily diary diagram |
| 4.6 | Measure of urge |
| 4.7 | Reactions to self‐monitoring tic behavior |
| 4.8 | Summary form of variation over 1 week |
| 5.1 | Preliminary grill to extract high and low risk situations |
| 5.2 | Grid for classifying activities likely and unlikely to be associated with tics or habits |
| 5.3 | Pre‐treatment example |
| 5.4 | Post‐treatment example |
| 5.5 | Linking thoughts, emotion, and behavior in high risk situations |
| 5.6 | Tracing beliefs from feelings and activities |
| 5.7 | Anticipations, assumptions, and beliefs about actions or situations linked to tics or habits |
| 6.1 | Everyday actions and principal muscles involved |
| 6.2 | Flexibility exercises |
| 6.3 | Tension scale |
| 6.4A | Illustrating the mutual interactions between mind, muscles, and emotion |
| 6.4B | Your personal examples |
| 6.5 | Sample of self‐sabotaging tension producing strategies to suppress tics or habits |
| 6.6 | Overcoming everyday conflicts through mindfulness |
| 7.1 | Discrimination exercise |
| 7.2 | Diary record of relaxation |
| 8.1 | Style of action |
| 8.2 | Personal styles of action |
| 8.3 | Behavioral benefit and cost calculation for personal styles of action |
| 8.4 | Belief behind styles of actions |
| 8.5 | Form to check reliance on muscle feedback instead of visual feedback |
| 8.6 | Thoughts associated with styles of action |
| 8.7 | Thought flexibility; testing alternative thoughts |
| 8.8 | Thought flexibility; testing alternative thoughts in a social professional meeting |
| 8.9 | Thought flexibility; testing alternative thoughts when preparing for a conference |
| 9.1 | Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II (AAQ‐II) |
| 9.2 | Tics and Habits Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (THAAQ) |
| 9.3 | Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) |
| 9.4 | Distinguishing inner and five‐senses experience |
| 10.1 | Self‐criticism Self‐judgment Questionnaire |
| 10.2 | Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) |
| 10.3 | Affective Regulation Scale (ARS) |
| 10.4 | Kinder self‐talk and metaphors |
| 10.5 | Self‐compassionate exercises |
| 11.1 | Follow‐up questionnaire |
| 11.2 | Planning for possible triggers for relapse |
| 11.3 | Components of the therapy you found useful |
| 0.1 | Local immediate triggers and reinforcing tic or habit cycle |
| 0.2 | Why tics happen |
| 0.3 | Why habits happen |
| 1.1 | The development of tics |
| 1.2 | Illustration of the main regions affected in Tourette's syndrome |
| 3.1 | Reflexes, routines, rituals, and responses |
| 3.2 | Flexibility and adaptation |
| 4.1 | Model of processes preceding tic or habit onset |
| 4.2 | Model of processes preceding tic onset |
| 4.3 | Model of processes preceding habit onset |
| 4.4 | Functional approach |
| 4.5 | Contextual approach |
| 6.1 | Flow of movement organization |
| 6.2 | Frustration–action cycle |
| 9.1 | The ACT matrix example |
| 9.2 | The ACT matrix |
| 9.3 | Hooks worksheet |
| 10.1 | Frustration/action triggers for habit disorders |
Kieron P. O'Connor obtained his doctorate from the Institute of Psychiatry in London. He is currently Director of the Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder and Tic Disorder Studies Centre at the University Institute of Mental Health at Montreal, and Centre Integré Universitaire de Santé et de Service Sociaux de L'Est de l'Ile de Montréal; Full Professor at the Psychiatry Department of University of Montréal; and Associated Professor at the University of Quebec. He is a Fellow of the Canadian Psychology Association and Associate Fellow of the British Psychological Society. His interests include treatment of obsessive‐compulsive disorders, eating disorders, dissociative disorders, delusional disorders, and tic and body focused repetitive disorders. He directs a clinical research program currently funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Quebec Health Research fund aimed at studying the interaction of cognitive, psychophysiological, psychosocial, and behavioral factors in the management of psychological problems. He is author or co‐author of over 200 scientific articles, reports, and books, and frequently leads formations and workshops on innovative approaches to treating belief disorders.
Marc E. Lavoie investigates the link between cognitive processes and cerebral activity (event‐related potentials), primarily in Tourette's syndrome. He works closely with psychological intervention teams to identify psychophysiological changes that occur following cognitive‐behavioral therapy. He is a Professor of Psychiatry and Neuroscience at the University of Montréal, and is currently Head of the Cognitive and Social Psychophysiology Laboratory, at the research center of the Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, which addresses crucial issues about the relationship between brain functions, behavior, and cognition in various neuropsychiatric disorders.
Benjamin Schoendorff, MA, MSc, is a clinical psychologist and Director of the Contextual Psychology Institute in Montréal, Canada. A renowned international acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) trainer, he has authored and co‐authored several ACT books in French and English. He has co‐edited The ACT Matrix (2014), and co‐authored The ACT Practitioner's Guide to the Science of Compassion (2014) and, most recently, The Essential Guide to the ACT Matrix (2016). He loves traveling with his wife and young son Thomas. www.contextpsy.com.
The authors would like to thank the therapists who have applied the therapy in practice: Natalia Koszegi, Genevieve Goulet, Veronica Muschang, Genevieve Paradis, Vicky Leblanc, Jeremy Dohan, Vicky Auclair, and Danielle Gareau.
The following people contributed substantially to the realization of the book: Karine Bergeron, Annette Maillet, Nick Delarosbil‐Huard, Julie Leclerc, and Catherine Courchesne. Yuliya and Victoria Bodryzlova helped with the indexing.
We would like to thank the production team at Wiley‐Blackwell.
Finally, we would like to thank our clients who took part in the study, who inspired our treatment and permitted the experimental validation of our model.
The electronic supplemental content to support the use of this text is available online at www.wiley.com/go/oconnor/managingticandhabitdsorders