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<p>Introduction xix</p> <p>Assessment Test xxix</p> <p><b>Chapter 1 Selecting an Operating System 1</b></p> <p>What is an OS? 2</p> <p>What is a Kernel? 2</p> <p>What Else Identifies an OS? 3</p> <p>Investigating User Interfaces 4</p> <p>Using a Text-Mode User Interface 5</p> <p>Using a Graphical User Interface 7</p> <p>Where Does Linux Fit in the OS World? 9</p> <p>Comparing Linux to Unix 9</p> <p>Comparing Linux to macOS 11</p> <p>Comparing Linux to Windows 12</p> <p>What is a Distribution? 14</p> <p>Creating a Complete Linux-Based OS 14</p> <p>A Summary of Common Linux Distributions 15</p> <p>Understanding Release Cycles 17</p> <p>Embedded Linux Systems 18</p> <p>Linux in the Cloud 19</p> <p>What is Cloud Computing? 19</p> <p>What Are the Cloud Services? 21</p> <p>Summary 23</p> <p>Exam Essentials 23</p> <p>Review Questions 25</p> <p><b>Chapter 2 Understanding Software Licensing 27</b></p> <p>Investigating Software Licenses 28</p> <p>Exploring Copyright Protection and Software 28</p> <p>Using Licenses to Modify Copyright Terms 30</p> <p>Looking at the Free Software Foundation 31</p> <p>Understanding the FSF Philosophy 31</p> <p>Examining Free Software and the GPL 32</p> <p>Looking at the Open Source Initiative 33</p> <p>Understanding the Open Source Philosophy 33</p> <p>Defining Open Source Software 35</p> <p>Looking at the Creative Commons 36</p> <p>Using Open Source Licenses 36</p> <p>Understanding Open Source Licenses 36</p> <p>Understanding Open Source Business Models 38</p> <p>Summary 39</p> <p>Exam Essentials 40</p> <p>Review Questions 41</p> <p><b>Chapter 3 Investigating Linux’s Principles and Philosophy 43</b></p> <p>Linux Through the Ages 44</p> <p>Understanding Linux’s Origins 44</p> <p>Seeing Today’s Linux World 47</p> <p>Using Open Source Software 47</p> <p>Understanding Basic Open Source Principles 47</p> <p>Linux as a Software Integrator 49</p> <p>Understanding OS Roles 50</p> <p>Looking At Embedded Computers 50</p> <p>Exploring Desktop and Laptop Computers 51</p> <p>Investigating Server Computers 52</p> <p>Summary 53</p> <p>Exam Essentials 53</p> <p>Review Questions 55</p> <p><b>Chapter 4 Using Common Linux Programs 57</b></p> <p>Using a Linux Desktop Environment 58</p> <p>Choosing a Desktop Environment 58</p> <p>Launching Programs 61</p> <p>Using a File Manager 63</p> <p>Working with Productivity Software 66</p> <p>Finding the Right Tool for the Job 66</p> <p>Using a Web Browser 67</p> <p>Using Email Clients 68</p> <p>Using Office Tools 68</p> <p>Using Multimedia Applications 69</p> <p>Using Linux for Cloud Computing 70</p> <p>Using Mobile Applications 71</p> <p>Using Server Programs 72</p> <p>Identifying Common Server Protocols and Programs 72</p> <p>Focusing on Web Servers 76</p> <p>Installing and Launching Servers 76</p> <p>Securing Servers 77</p> <p>Managing Programming Languages 78</p> <p>Choosing a Compiled vs. an Interpreted Language 78</p> <p>Identifying Common Programming Languages 79</p> <p>Handling Software Packages 81</p> <p>Understanding Software Packages 81</p> <p>Identifying Common Package Tools 81</p> <p>Summary 82</p> <p>Exam Essentials 83</p> <p>Review Questions 84</p> <p><b>Chapter 5 Getting to Know the Command Line 87</b></p> <p>Starting a Command Line 88</p> <p>Launching a Terminal 88</p> <p>Logging into a Text-Mode Console 91</p> <p>Running Programs 92</p> <p>Understanding Text-Mode Program Syntax 93</p> <p>Running Text-Mode Programs 94</p> <p>Running GUI Programs 95</p> <p>Running Programs in the Background 96</p> <p>Using Shell Features 97</p> <p>Using Command Completion 97</p> <p>Using Command History 98</p> <p>Getting Help Using Man Pages 99</p> <p>Understanding the Purpose of Man Pages 100</p> <p>Locating Man Pages by Section Number 100</p> <p>Searching for a Man Page 102</p> <p>Reading Man Pages 102</p> <p>Using <i>less</i> 104</p> <p>Getting Help Using Info Pages 106</p> <p>Understanding the Purpose of Info Pages 106</p> <p>Reading Info Pages 107</p> <p>Finding Additional Documentation 109</p> <p>Locating Program Documentation on Your Computer 109</p> <p>Locating Program Documentation Online 112</p> <p>Consulting Experts 112</p> <p>Summary 114</p> <p>Exam Essentials 114</p> <p>Review Questions 116</p> <p><b>Chapter 6 Managing Hardware 119</b></p> <p>Learning About Your CPU 120</p> <p>Understanding CPU Families 120</p> <p>Identifying Your CPU 123</p> <p>Identifying Motherboard Capabilities 123</p> <p>Sizing Your Power Supply 125</p> <p>Understanding Disk Issues 125</p> <p>Disk Interfaces 126</p> <p>Partitioning a Disk 127</p> <p>Understanding Filesystem Issues 130</p> <p>Using Removable and Optical Disks 133</p> <p>Managing Displays 134</p> <p>Understanding the Role of X 134</p> <p>Using Common Display Hardware 136</p> <p>Handling USB Devices 137</p> <p>Managing Drivers 138</p> <p>Understanding Types of Drivers 138</p> <p>Locating and Installing Drivers 139</p> <p>Summary 140</p> <p>Exam Essentials 140</p> <p>Review Questions 141</p> <p><b>Chapter 7 Managing Files 143</b></p> <p>Understanding Where Things Go 144</p> <p>User Files vs. System Files 144</p> <p>The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard 146</p> <p>Important Directories and Their Contents 147</p> <p>Exploring Files and Directories 149</p> <p>Obtaining File Listings 149</p> <p>Changing Directories 151</p> <p>Using Absolute and Relative File References 152</p> <p>Manipulating Files 154</p> <p>Creating Files 154</p> <p>Copying Files 155</p> <p>Moving and Renaming Files 157</p> <p>Using Links 157</p> <p>Deleting Files 159</p> <p>Using Wildcards 160</p> <p>Understanding Case Sensitivity 160</p> <p>Manipulating Directories 161</p> <p>Creating Directories 161</p> <p>Deleting Directories 162</p> <p>Managing Directories 163</p> <p>Summary 164</p> <p>Exam Essentials 164</p> <p>Review Questions 165</p> <p><b>Chapter 8 Searching, Extracting, and Archiving Data 167</b></p> <p>Using Regular Expressions 168</p> <p>Searching For and Extracting Data 170</p> <p>Using grep <i>170</i></p> <p>Using find <i>172</i></p> <p>Using wc <i>174</i></p> <p>Using cut <i>175</i></p> <p>Using <i>sort</i> 176</p> <p>Using <i>cat</i> 177</p> <p>Redirecting Input and Output 178</p> <p>Using Basic Redirection Operators 178</p> <p>Using Pipes 181</p> <p>Generating Command Lines 182</p> <p>Archiving Data 183</p> <p>Using tar <i>183</i></p> <p>Using Compression 187</p> <p>Using zip <i>188</i></p> <p>Summary 191</p> <p>Exam Essentials 191</p> <p>Review Questions 193</p> <p><b>Chapter 9 Exploring Processes and Process Data 195</b></p> <p>Understanding Package Management 196</p> <p>Linux Package Management Principles 196</p> <p>Understanding Package Systems 197</p> <p>Managing Red Hat Systems 199</p> <p>Managing Debian Systems 200</p> <p>Understanding the Process Hierarchy 202</p> <p>Identifying Running Processes 203</p> <p>Using <i>ps</i> to Identify Processes 203</p> <p>Using <i>top</i> to Identify Processes 205</p> <p>Measuring Memory Use 207</p> <p>Using Log Files 208</p> <p>Locating Log Files 209</p> <p>Producing More Verbose Log File Entries 210</p> <p>Examining the Kernel Ring Buffer 211</p> <p>Summary 211</p> <p>Exam Essentials 212</p> <p>Review Questions 213</p> <p><b>Chapter 10 Editing Files 215</b></p> <p>Understanding the Role of Text Files 216</p> <p>Choosing an Editor 218</p> <p>Editing Files with <i>nano</i> 219</p> <p>Using Text Editor Conventions 221</p> <p>Exploring Basic <i>nano</i> Text-Editing Procedures 221</p> <p>Saving Your Changes from <i>nano</i> 223</p> <p>Editing Files with <i>vi</i> 224</p> <p>Understanding <i>vi</i> Modes 224</p> <p>Exploring Basic <i>vi</i> Text-Editing Procedures 226</p> <p>Saving Your Changes from <i>vi</i> 229</p> <p>Summary 230</p> <p>Exam Essentials 230</p> <p>Review Questions 231</p> <p><b>Chapter 11 Creating Scripts 233</b></p> <p>Beginning a Shell Script 234</p> <p>Using Commands 235</p> <p>Using Arguments 237</p> <p>Using Variables 238</p> <p>Using Conditional Expressions 241</p> <p>Using Loops 243</p> <p>Using Functions 244</p> <p>Setting the Script’s Exit Value 245</p> <p>Summary 246</p> <p>Exam Essentials 246</p> <p>Review Questions 248</p> <p><b>Chapter 12 Understanding Basic Security 251</b></p> <p>Understanding Accounts 252</p> <p>Understanding Account Features 253</p> <p>Identifying Accounts 256</p> <p>Understanding Groups 258</p> <p>Using Account Tools 259</p> <p>Discovering Your Own Identity 260</p> <p>Learning Who’s Online 261</p> <p>Working as <i>root</i> 263</p> <p>Understanding User Types 263</p> <p>Acquiring<i> root</i> Privileges 264</p> <p>Using <i>root</i> Privileges Safely 266</p> <p>Summary 268</p> <p>Exam Essentials 268</p> <p>Review Questions 270</p> <p><b>Chapter 13 Creating Users and Groups 273</b></p> <p>Creating New Accounts 274</p> <p>Deciding on a Group Strategy 274</p> <p>Selecting a Good Password 275</p> <p>Creating Accounts Using GUI Tools 278</p> <p>Creating Accounts from the Shell 280</p> <p>Modifying Accounts 283</p> <p>Deciding When to Modify Accounts 283</p> <p>Checking for Logged-in Users 283</p> <p>Modifying Accounts Using GUI Tools 284</p> <p>Modifying Accounts from the Shell 286</p> <p>Deleting Accounts 289</p> <p>Avoiding Account Deletion Pitfalls 289</p> <p>Deleting Accounts Using GUI Tools 290</p> <p>Deleting Accounts from the Shell 291</p> <p>Managing Groups 291</p> <p>Managing Groups Using GUI Tools 291</p> <p>Managing Groups from the Shell 294</p> <p>Summary 295</p> <p>Exam Essentials 295</p> <p>Review Questions 297</p> <p><b>Chapter 14 Setting Ownership and Permissions 299</b></p> <p>Setting Ownership 300</p> <p>Understanding Ownership 300</p> <p>Setting Ownership in a File Manager 301</p> <p>Setting Ownership in a Shell 302</p> <p>Setting Permissions 304</p> <p>Understanding Permissions 304</p> <p>Setting Permissions in a File Manager 308</p> <p>Setting Permissions in a Shell 309</p> <p>Setting the umask 310</p> <p>Using Special Permission Bits and File Features 310</p> <p>Using Sticky Bits 311</p> <p>Using Special Execute Permissions 313</p> <p>Hiding Files from View 314</p> <p>Viewing Directories 315</p> <p>Summary 315</p> <p>Exam Essentials 315</p> <p>Review Questions 317</p> <p><b>Chapter 15 Managing Network Connections 319</b></p> <p>Configuring Network Features 320</p> <p>Graphical Tools 321</p> <p>Command-Line Tools 323</p> <p>Basic Network Troubleshooting 329</p> <p>Sending Test Packets 330</p> <p>Finding Host Information 331</p> <p>Advanced Network Troubleshooting 333</p> <p>The <i>netstat</i> Command 334</p> <p>Examining Sockets 337</p> <p>Summary 337</p> <p>Exam Essentials 338</p> <p>Review Questions 339</p> <p><b>Appendix A Answers to Review Questions 341</b></p> <p>Chapter 1: Selecting an Operating System 342</p> <p>Chapter 2: Understanding Software Licensing 343</p> <p>Chapter 3: Investigating Linux’s Principles and Philosophy 344</p> <p>Chapter 4: Using Common Linux Programs 346</p> <p>Chapter 5: Getting to Know the Command Line 347</p> <p>Chapter 6: Managing Hardware 348</p> <p>Chapter 7: Managing Files 349</p> <p>Chapter 8: Searching, Extracting, and Archiving Data 351</p> <p>Chapter 9: Exploring Processes and Process Data 352</p> <p>Chapter 10: Editing Files 353</p> <p>Chapter 11: Creating Scripts 354</p> <p>Chapter 12: Understanding Basic Security 356</p> <p>Chapter 13: Creating Users and Groups 357</p> <p>Chapter 14: Setting Ownership and Permissions 358</p> <p>Chapter 15: Managing Network Connections 359</p> <p><b>Appendix B Setting Up a Linux Environment 363</b></p> <p>Index 365</p>

<p><b>Christine Bresnahan</b> is an Adjunct Professor at Ivy Tech Community College, where she teaches Linux certification and Python classes. She is the author of several books, including <i>LPIC-1 Study Guide</i>, Fifth edition and <i>LPIC-2 Study Guide</i>, Second edition.</p> <p><b>Richard Blum</b> has worked as a system and network administrator for over 30 years. He is the author of several Linux books, including <i>Linux Command Line and Shell Scripting Bible</i> and <i>Linux for Dummies, 9th edition, and is a popular online Linux instructor</i>.</p>

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