Details

Prenatal and Postnatal Care


Prenatal and Postnatal Care

A Woman-Centered Approach
2. Aufl.

von: Robin G. Jordan, Cindy L. Farley, Karen Trister Grace

64,99 €

Verlag: Wiley-Blackwell
Format: PDF
Veröffentl.: 03.04.2018
ISBN/EAN: 9781119318354
Sprache: englisch
Anzahl Seiten: 816

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Beschreibungen

<b>Prenatal and Postnatal Care</b> <p><b> The second edition of the comprehensive and award-winning text on prenatal and postnatal care</b> <p>The updated edition of <i>Prenatal and Postnatal Care</i> offers a comprehensive text for the care of the woman during the childbearing year. The expert author team presents information needed to master foundational knowledge in anatomy, physiology, psychology, culture, the structure of preconception, prenatal and postnatal care, as well as the management of common health problems. <p>This edition has been revised throughout and contains six new chapters on the following topics: prenatal ultrasound, triage of the pregnant woman, assisting women to develop confidence for physiologic birth, pregnancy after infertility, oral health, and issues around diversity and inclusion in prenatal and postnatal care. Additional highlights include new and updated content on pregnant women in the workplace, prenatal genetic testing, trauma-informed care, and transgender pregnancy care. The second edition also includes commonly used complementary therapies and offers more detailed information on shared decision-making and planning for birth. <p><i>Prenatal and Postnatal Care:</i> <ul><li>Provides expanded faculty resources with case studies and test questions for each chapter</li> <li>Offers a comprehensive text that covers essential aspects of prenatal and postnatal care of the childbearing woman</li> <li>Builds on the edition that won the Book of the Year award from the American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM) in 2015.</li></ul> <p>This revised, authoritative text is an ideal resource for midwifery, nurse practitioner and physician assistant students, and healthcare providers working with pregnant and postpartum women.
<p>About the Editors xxi</p> <p>Contributors xxiii</p> <p>Preface xxvii</p> <p>About the Companion Website xxix</p> <p><b>Part I Physiological Foundations of Prenatal and Postnatal Care 3</b></p> <p><b>1 Reproductive Tract Structure and Function 5<br /></b><i>Patricia W. Caudle</i></p> <p>Anatomy of the Female Reproductive System 6</p> <p>Menstrual Cycle Physiology 11</p> <p>Resources for Women 17</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 17</p> <p>References 17</p> <p><b>2 Conception, Implantation, and Embryonic and Fetal Development 19<br /></b><i>Patricia W. Caudle</i></p> <p>Introduction 20</p> <p>Conception and Implantation 20</p> <p>The Placenta 21</p> <p>The Embryo 25</p> <p>The Fetus 30</p> <p>Summary 31</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 31</p> <p>Resources for Women, Their Families, and Healthcare Providers 32</p> <p>References 32</p> <p><b>3 Maternal Physiological Alterations during Pregnancy 33<br /></b><i>Patricia W. Caudle</i></p> <p>Introduction 33</p> <p>Hematologic System Adaptations 33</p> <p>Cardiovascular System Adaptations 35</p> <p>Respiratory System Adaptations 37</p> <p>Renal System Adaptations 38</p> <p>Gastrointestinal System Adaptations 38</p> <p>Metabolic System Adaptations 39</p> <p>Immune System Adaptations 42</p> <p>Neurological System and Sensory Adaptations 44</p> <p>Musculoskeletal System Adaptations 44</p> <p>Endocrine System Adaptations 45</p> <p>Summary 46</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 46</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 46</p> <p>References 46</p> <p><b>4 Physiological Alterations during the Postnatal Period 49<br /></b><i>Kaitlin Wilson and Cindy L. Farley</i></p> <p>Introduction 49</p> <p>Uterus 49</p> <p>Lochia 50</p> <p>Cervix 51</p> <p>Vagina 51</p> <p>Labia and Perineum 51</p> <p>Rectal Anatomy 52</p> <p>Additional Maternal Alterations during the Postpartum Period 52</p> <p>Summary 55</p> <p>Resource for Women 55</p> <p>Resource for Healthcare Providers 55</p> <p>References 55</p> <p><b>Part II Preconception, Prenatal Care, and Postnatal Care 57</b></p> <p><b>5 Preconception Care 59<br /></b><i>Cynthia Nypaver</i></p> <p>Introduction 59</p> <p>Challenges to Providing Preconception Care 59</p> <p>Benefits of Preconception Health Care 60</p> <p>Evidence Supporting Preconception Health Care 60</p> <p>Preconception Care 61</p> <p>Risk Assessment and Screening 61</p> <p>Preconception Health Care for Women with Chronic Illnesses 67</p> <p>Unique Considerations 74</p> <p>Summary 76</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 76</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 77</p> <p>References 77</p> <p><b>6 Prenatal Care: Goals, Structure, and Components 81<br /></b><i>Carrie S. Klima</i></p> <p>Introduction 82</p> <p>A Brief History of Prenatal Care 82</p> <p>Current Goals of Prenatal Care 83</p> <p>Structure of Prenatal Care 85</p> <p>Group Prenatal Care: CenteringPregnancy 88</p> <p>Components of Prenatal Care 89</p> <p>Preventative Care 95</p> <p>Health Promotion and Education 96</p> <p>Summary 99</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 100</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 100</p> <p>References 100</p> <p><b>7 Nutrition during Pregnancy 103<br /></b><i>Robin G. Jordan</i></p> <p>Introduction 104</p> <p>Understanding Food Units and Recommendations 104</p> <p>Prenatal Nutrition and Health Outcomes 104</p> <p>Nutritional Needs in Pregnancy 106</p> <p>Food Safety during Pregnancy 113</p> <p>Factors Influencing Nutritional Intake 116</p> <p>Making a Nutritional Assessment 117</p> <p>Using Nutrition Resources 118</p> <p>Counseling for Optimal Prenatal Nutrition 121</p> <p>Special Issues in Prenatal Nutrition 121</p> <p>Summary 126</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 126</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 126</p> <p>References 126</p> <p><b>8 Pregnancy Diagnosis and Gestational Age Assessment 131<br /></b><i>Janet L. Engstrom and Joyce D. Cappiello</i></p> <p>Introduction 132</p> <p>Benefits of Early Pregnancy Diagnosis and Gestational Age Assessment 132</p> <p>Pregnancy Diagnosis 132</p> <p>Gestational Age Assessment 138</p> <p>Counseling for Pregnancy Diagnosis 146</p> <p>Summary 150</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 151</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 151</p> <p>References 151</p> <p><b>9 Risk Assessment during Pregnancy 155<br /></b><i>Robin G. Jordan</i></p> <p>Introduction 155</p> <p>Process and Purpose of Risk Assessment 155</p> <p>Benefits of Risk Assessment 156</p> <p>Limitations of Risk Assessment 156</p> <p>Disadvantages of Risk Assessment and Risk Management 156</p> <p>Labeling Women as High Risk 157</p> <p>Misapplication of Risk Assessment and Risk Management 157</p> <p>Perspective of Risk and Risk Assessment 159</p> <p>Explaining Risk to Women 160</p> <p>Informed Consent 162</p> <p>Summary 163</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers and Women and Their Families 163</p> <p>References 163</p> <p><b>10 Prenatal Ultrasound 167<br /></b><i>Cynthia Parke and Robin G. Jordan</i></p> <p>Introduction 168</p> <p>The Physics and Mechanics of Ultrasound 168</p> <p>Types of Scans 169</p> <p>Use of Prenatal Ultrasound 170</p> <p>Interpreting and Communicating Results 174</p> <p>The Woman’s Experience of Ultrasound 175</p> <p>Safety 176</p> <p>Overuse of Ultrasound 177</p> <p>Recreational Prenatal Ultrasound 177</p> <p>Who Performs Prenatal Ultrasounds 178</p> <p>Adding Ultrasound to Scope of Practice 178</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 178</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 178</p> <p>References 178</p> <p><b>11 Genetic Counseling, Screening, and Diagnosis 181<br /></b><i>Robin G. Jordan</i></p> <p>Introduction 182</p> <p>Family History and Risk Evaluation 182</p> <p>Genetic Screening Tests 182</p> <p>Screening for Neural Tube Defects 183</p> <p>Screening for Aneuploidy 183</p> <p>Genetic Screening by Ultrasound 186</p> <p>Carrier Screening 187</p> <p>Diagnostic Prenatal Genetic Testing 189</p> <p>The Role of Genetic Counselors 190</p> <p>Psychosocial Considerations in Genetic Testing 190</p> <p>Genetic Testing Counseling during Prenatal Care 191</p> <p>Summary 193</p> <p>Resources for Women, Their Families, and Healthcare Providers 193</p> <p>References 194</p> <p><b>12 Assessment of Fetal Well‐Being 197<br /></b><i>Jenifer Fahey</i></p> <p>Introduction 197</p> <p>Physiologic Principles 198</p> <p>Indications 199</p> <p>Interprofessional Care 199</p> <p>Fetal Testing Methods 200</p> <p>Education and Counseling 210</p> <p>Cultural, Personal, and Family Considerations 211</p> <p>Health Disparities and Vulnerable Populations 211</p> <p>Legal and Liability Issues 211</p> <p>Summary 212</p> <p>Resource for Healthcare Providers 213</p> <p>References 213</p> <p><b>13 Common Discomforts of Pregnancy 215<br /></b><i>Robin G. Jordan</i></p> <p>Introduction 215</p> <p>Back Pain and Pelvic Girdle Pain 216</p> <p>Bleeding Gums 218</p> <p>Breast Tenderness 219</p> <p>Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) 220</p> <p>Cervical Pain 220</p> <p>Constipation 220</p> <p>Dizziness/Syncope 222</p> <p>Edema 222</p> <p>Emotional Changes 223</p> <p>Fatigue 223</p> <p>Flatulence 224</p> <p>Headache 225</p> <p>Heartburn 225</p> <p>Heart Palpitations 226</p> <p>Hemorrhoids 227</p> <p>Increased Warmth and Perspiration 227</p> <p>Leukorrhea 227</p> <p>Leg Cramps 228</p> <p>Nasal Congestion 228</p> <p>Epistaxis 229</p> <p>Nausea and Vomiting of Pregnancy (NVP) 230</p> <p>Ptyalism 233</p> <p>Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) 233</p> <p>Round Ligament Pain 234</p> <p>Shortness of Breath 235</p> <p>Skin, Hair, and Nail Changes 235</p> <p>Hyperpigmentation 236</p> <p>Vascular Changes 237</p> <p>Hair and Nail Changes 237</p> <p>Sleep Disturbances 238</p> <p>Supine Hypotension Syndrome (SHS) 239</p> <p>Urinary Frequency and Nocturia 240</p> <p>Urinary Incontinence 240</p> <p>Varicosities (Legs/Vulva) 241</p> <p>Vision Changes 243</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 243</p> <p>References 243</p> <p><b>14 Oral Health 247<br /></b><i>Julia Lange Kessler</i></p> <p>Introduction 247</p> <p>Anatomy of the Oral Cavity 247</p> <p>Initial Assessment of the Oral Cavity 248</p> <p>Influence of Oral Health on Pregnancy Outcomes 249</p> <p>Conditions Affecting Oral Health 250</p> <p>Postpartum and Newborn Oral Health 251</p> <p>Summary 251</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 251</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 251</p> <p>References 251</p> <p><b>15 Medication Use during Pregnancy 253<br /></b><i>Mary C. Brucker and Tekoa L. King</i></p> <p>Introduction 254</p> <p>Types of Pharmaceutical Agents 254</p> <p>Prescriptive Authority 254</p> <p>Governmental Oversight of Pharmaceutical Agents 254</p> <p>Pre‐Marketing Drug Testing 255</p> <p>The Prescription: Essential Components 256</p> <p>Pharmacokinetics in Pregnancy 261</p> <p>Common Medications Used During Pregnancy 261</p> <p>Vaccines during Pregnancy 261</p> <p>Rational Use of Drugs in Pregnancy 261</p> <p>Summary 264</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 267</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 267</p> <p>References 267</p> <p><b>16 Substance Use during Pregnancy 271<br /></b><i>Daisy J. Goodman, Kelley A. Bowden,and Alane B. O’Connor</i></p> <p>Introduction 271</p> <p>Prevalence of Prenatal Substance Use 272</p> <p>Terminology 272</p> <p>Historical Approaches to Prenatal Substance Use 273</p> <p>Harm Reduction Approaches to Prenatal Substance Use 274</p> <p>Common Comorbid Conditions 275</p> <p>Prenatal Screening 275</p> <p>Treatment Types 278</p> <p>Commonly Used Substances, Pregnancy Implications, and Recommended Treatment 279</p> <p>Perinatal Care of Women with Substance Use Disorders 285</p> <p>Summary 290</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 291</p> <p>References 291</p> <p><b>17 Health Disparities and Social Issues in Pregnancy 297<br /></b><i>Nena R. Harris</i></p> <p>Introduction 297</p> <p>Poverty 298</p> <p>Incarceration during Pregnancy 300</p> <p>Intimate Partner Violence during Pregnancy 302</p> <p>Reproductive Coercion 303</p> <p>Human Trafficking 303</p> <p>Pregnancy and a History of Childhood Sexual Abuse 305</p> <p>Summary 307</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 307</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 308</p> <p>References 308</p> <p><b>18 Diversity and Inclusiveness in the Childbearing Year 313<br /></b><i>Cindy L. Farley and Michal J. Wright</i></p> <p>Introduction 314</p> <p>Inequities in Perinatal Care and Outcomes 314</p> <p>Contributors to Perinatal Health Disparities 314</p> <p>Developing Cultural Competence 316</p> <p>Communication 317</p> <p>Selected Cultural Traditions in the Childbearing Year 317</p> <p>Summary 320</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 320</p> <p>Resources for Women 320</p> <p>References 320</p> <p><b>19 Exercise, and Sexual, Occupational, and Environmental Health in Pregnancy 323<br /></b><i>Meghan Garland</i></p> <p>Introduction 323</p> <p>Exercise 323</p> <p>Environmental Exposures 329</p> <p>Sexuality 333</p> <p>The Workplace and Pregnancy 335</p> <p>Resources on Pregnancy and Environmental Exposure for Women 337</p> <p>Resources on Pregnancy and Environmental Exposure for Healthcare Providers 337</p> <p>Resource on Work during Pregnancy for Women 338</p> <p>References 338</p> <p><b>20 Psychosocial Adaptations in Pregnancy 341<br /></b><i>Cindy L. Farley, Eva M. Fried, and Amy R. Chavez</i></p> <p>Introduction 342</p> <p>Developing Relationship: A Trauma‐Informed Approach 342</p> <p>Maternal‐Newborn Attachment and Adaptation 343</p> <p>Maternal Role Development 346</p> <p>Body Image 352</p> <p>Sibling Preparation 354</p> <p>Partner Adaptation and Attachment 354</p> <p>Pregnancy in Transgender Men 358</p> <p>Summary 359</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 359</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 359</p> <p>References 359</p> <p><b>21 Health Education during Pregnancy 363<br /></b><i>Lisa Hanson, Karen Robinson, Leona VandeVusse, and Kathryn Harrod</i></p> <p>Introduction 363</p> <p>Sources and Quality of Consumer Childbirth Education 363</p> <p>Prenatal Visit Approach to Individual Childbirth Education 365</p> <p>Class Education and Group Prenatal Care 366</p> <p>Developmental Considerations 366</p> <p>Issues Integral to Prenatal Education 367</p> <p>Summary 369</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families (Government Websites) 373</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families (Nongovernment Websites) 373</p> <p>References 373</p> <p><b>22 Preparing for Birth 375<br /></b><i>Melissa D. Avery, Carrie E. Neerland, and Melissa A. Saftner</i></p> <p>Introduction 375</p> <p>What Is Physiologic Birth? 375</p> <p>Benefits of Physiologic Birth 376</p> <p>Fear of Childbirth 376</p> <p>Maternal Confidence for Physiologic Birth 376</p> <p>Evidence Related to Women’s Prenatal Confidence for Physiologic Birth 378</p> <p>Individual Strategies 380</p> <p>Summary 381</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 381</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 382</p> <p>References 382</p> <p><b>23 Triage during Pregnancy 385<br /></b><i>Cathy Ruhl</i></p> <p>Introduction 385</p> <p>Objectives and Goals of Triage Care and Evaluation 385</p> <p>Obstetric Triage in the Hospital Setting 386</p> <p>Primary Responsibilities of Professionals during Triage and Evaluation 386</p> <p>Common Reasons Women Seek Urgent/ Emergent Care during Pregnancy 386</p> <p>Collaboration Between Obstetric and Emergency Departments 387</p> <p>Obstetric Triage Unit Organization 387</p> <p>Elements of Triage 387</p> <p>Elements of Healthcare Provider Evaluation 388</p> <p>Best Practices in Triage Units 388</p> <p>Liability Issues in Obstetric Triage and Evaluation 390</p> <p>Quality Measures in Triage 391</p> <p>Anticipatory Guidance about Triage during Prenatal Care 391</p> <p>Summary 391</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 391</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 391</p> <p>References 391</p> <p><b>24 Assessment and Care at the Onset of Labor 393<br /></b><i>Amy Marowitz</i></p> <p>Introduction 393</p> <p>Determining the Onset of Labor 393</p> <p>Timing of Admission to the Birth Setting 394</p> <p>Reframing “False Labor” 394</p> <p>Determining Active Labor 395</p> <p>Anticipatory Guidance during the Prenatal Period 395</p> <p>Assessment of the Woman with Report of Labor Onset 396</p> <p>Plan of Care 397</p> <p>Summary 398</p> <p>References 398</p> <p><b>25 Components of Postnatal Care 401<br /></b><i>Tia P. Andrighetti and Deborah Brandt Karsnitz</i></p> <p>Introduction 401</p> <p>Fourth-Trimester Tasks 402</p> <p>Immediate Postpartum Care 402</p> <p>Later Postpartum Care 402</p> <p>Assessment of Maternal Physical and Emotional Adjustment 404</p> <p>Maternal Role Development 407</p> <p>Infant Feeding 407</p> <p>Activity and Exercise 407</p> <p>Diet and Nutrition 408</p> <p>Lochia 408</p> <p>Afterbirth Pain 409</p> <p>Perineal Discomfort 410</p> <p>Diureseis and Diaphoresis 410</p> <p>Constipation and Hemorrhoids 410</p> <p>Sleep 410</p> <p>Sexuality 411</p> <p>Resumption of Menses and Ovulation 411</p> <p>Contraception 412</p> <p>Postpartum Physical Examination 412</p> <p>Postpartum Depression and Intimate Partner Violence Screening 414</p> <p>Postpartum Warning Signs 415</p> <p>Cultural Considerations 415</p> <p>Health Disparities and Vulnerable Populations 416</p> <p>Interprofessional Care 417</p> <p>Recovery and Employment 417</p> <p>Summary 418</p> <p>Resources for Women 418</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 418</p> <p>References 418</p> <p><b>26 Lactation and Breastfeeding 423<br /></b><i>Marsha Walker</i></p> <p>Introduction 423</p> <p>Benefits of Breastfeeding 423</p> <p>Breastfeeding as a Public Health Issue 426</p> <p>Promoting and Supporting Breastfeeding 427</p> <p>Maternal and Infant Anatomy and Physiology of Lactation and Breastfeeding 428</p> <p>Basics of Breastfeeding Support and Assessment 432</p> <p>Care of the Breastfeeding Mother 436</p> <p>Summary 440</p> <p>Resources for Women and Healthcare Providers 440</p> <p>References 440</p> <p><b>27 Contraception in the Postnatal Period 445<br /></b><i>Leah N. Torres</i></p> <p>Introduction 445</p> <p>Postpartum Care and Return to Fertility after Childbirth 445</p> <p>Selecting a Postpartum Contraceptive Method 446</p> <p>Contraceptive Methods 448</p> <p>Tier One Methods 448</p> <p>Tier Two Methods 451</p> <p>Tier Three Methods 455</p> <p>Emergency Contraception 457</p> <p>Summary 457</p> <p>Resources for Women and Healthcare Providers 458</p> <p>References 458</p> <p><b>Part III Complex Prenatal and Postnatal Conditions 461</b></p> <p><b>28 Bleeding during Pregnancy 463<br /></b><i>Robin G. Jordan</i></p> <p>Introduction 463</p> <p>Early Pregnancy Bleeding 464</p> <p>Subchorionic Hemorrhage 466</p> <p>Leiomyomas 466</p> <p>Spontaneous Pregnancy Loss 466</p> <p>Ectopic Pregnancy 470</p> <p>Gestational Trophoblastic Disease 472</p> <p>Bleeding during the Second Half of Pregnancy 474</p> <p>Placenta Previa 474</p> <p>Placental Abruption 476</p> <p>Vasa Previa 477</p> <p>Diagnosis and Management of Bleeding in the Second Half of Pregnancy 478</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 478</p> <p>References 479</p> <p><b>29 Amniotic Fluid and Fetal Growth Disorders 481<br /></b><i>Victoria H. Burslem and Cindy L. Farley</i></p> <p>Introduction 482</p> <p>Amniotic Fluid Dynamics 482</p> <p>Placentation and Perinatal Outcomes 483</p> <p>Amniotic Fluid Disorders 484</p> <p>Fetal Growth Disorders 488</p> <p>Summary 492</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 492</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 492</p> <p>References 492</p> <p><b>30 Preterm Labor and Birth 495<br /></b><i>Robin G. Jordan and Nancy Jo Reedy</i></p> <p>Introduction 495</p> <p>Social and Racial Disparities 496</p> <p>Pathophysiology of Preterm Birth 497</p> <p>Perinatal Morbidity Related to Prematurity 497</p> <p>Risk Factors for Preterm Birth 497</p> <p>Predicting Preterm Birth 499</p> <p>Primary Prevention of Preterm Birth 500</p> <p>Prenatal Education on Signs and Symptoms of Preterm Labor 504</p> <p>Diagnosis and Management of Women with Preterm Labor 505</p> <p>Interprofessional Care 505</p> <p>Summary 505</p> <p>Resources for Women and Healthcare Providers 506</p> <p>References 506</p> <p><b>31 Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy 511<br /></b><i>Robin G. Jordan and Elizabeth Gabzdyl</i></p> <p>Introduction 511</p> <p>Classification of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy 512</p> <p>Screening for Hypertensive Disorders 512</p> <p>Preeclampsia-Eclampsia 513</p> <p>Chronic Hypertension 519</p> <p>Chronic Hypertension with Superimposed Preeclampsia 520</p> <p>Gestational Hypertension 521</p> <p>HELLP Syndrome 521</p> <p>Interprofessional Care 523</p> <p>Summary 523</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 523</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 523</p> <p>References 523</p> <p><b>32 Gestational Diabetes 527<br /></b><i>Kimberly K. Trout</i></p> <p>Introduction 527</p> <p>Pathophysiology and Potential Problems 527</p> <p>Prenatal Screening and Diagnosis 528</p> <p>Management 531</p> <p>Pharmacologic Treatments 533</p> <p>Social Considerations 534</p> <p>Fetal Surveillance and Timing of Birth 534</p> <p>Postpartum Follow‐Up 535</p> <p>Interprofessional Care 536</p> <p>Perspective on GDM Risk 536</p> <p>Care of the Pregnant Woman with </p> <p>Pregestational Diabetes 537</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 537</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 537</p> <p>References 537</p> <p><b>33 Multifetal Gestation 541<br /></b><i>Heather M. Bradford and Cindy L. Farley</i></p> <p>Incidence 541</p> <p>Embryology 541</p> <p>Diagnosis 543</p> <p>Potential Problems 543</p> <p>Prenatal Care 545</p> <p>Psychosocial Aspects 547</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 548</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 548</p> <p>References 548</p> <p><b>34 Post‐Term Pregnancy 551<br /></b><i>Heather M. Bradford</i></p> <p>Introduction 551</p> <p>Potential Problems 552</p> <p>Prevention, Intervention, and Management Options 552</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 555</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 555</p> <p>References 555</p> <p><b>35 Hyperemesis Gravidarum 557<br /></b><i>Karen Trister Grace</i></p> <p>Introduction 557</p> <p>Etiology and Risk Factors 557</p> <p>Potential Problems 558</p> <p>Evaluation 558</p> <p>Care and Management 558</p> <p>Resource for Healthcare Providers 560</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 560</p> <p>References 560</p> <p><b>36 Abdominal Pain 561<br /></b><i>Karen Trister Grace</i></p> <p>Introduction 561</p> <p>Evaluation 561</p> <p>Appendicitis 562</p> <p>Gall Bladder Disease 562</p> <p>Abdominal Trauma 563</p> <p>CPR in Pregnancy 564</p> <p>Pancreatitis 564</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 564</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 564</p> <p>References 564</p> <p><b>37 Pregnancy after Infertility 567<br /></b><i>Melicia Escobar</i></p> <p>Introduction 567</p> <p>Prevalence of Infertility 567</p> <p>Context and Course of Infertility 568</p> <p>Preexisting Conditions and Perinatal Issues 569</p> <p>Pharmacologic Considerations 569</p> <p>Lifestyle Considerations 569</p> <p>Psychological Impacts of Infertility Treatment and Transition to Pregnancy 573</p> <p>Summary 574</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 574</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 574</p> <p>References 574</p> <p><b>38 Common Complications during the Postnatal Period 577<br /></b><i>Deborah Brandt Karsnitz</i></p> <p>Introduction 577</p> <p>Postpartum Morbidity and Mortality 578</p> <p>Postpartum Cultural Considerations 579</p> <p>Postpartum Disorders 579</p> <p>Summary 593</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 594</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 594</p> <p>References 594</p> <p><b>39 Common Breastfeeding Problems 597<br /></b><i>Marsha Walker</i></p> <p>Introduction 597</p> <p>Common Infant‐Related Breastfeeding Problems 597</p> <p>Common Maternal Breastfeeding Problems 602</p> <p>Low Milk Supply 607</p> <p>Summary 610</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 610</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 610</p> <p>References 610</p> <p><b>40 Perinatal Loss and Grief 613<br /></b><i>Robin G. Jordan</i></p> <p>Introduction 613</p> <p>Stillbirth 613</p> <p>Care and Management of Women with Stillbirth 614</p> <p>Grieving and Emotional Care after Perinatal Loss 615</p> <p>Physical Care after Stillbirth 617</p> <p>Follow‐Up Care 618</p> <p>Interconception and Subsequent Pregnancy Care 618</p> <p>Summary 619</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 619</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 619</p> <p>References 620</p> <p><b>Part IV Common Primary Care Health Conditions during the Prenatal and Postnatal Periods 623</b></p> <p><b>41 Obesity 625<br /></b><i>Cecilia M. Jevitt</i></p> <p>Introduction 625</p> <p>Prevalence 626</p> <p>Health Disparities and Cultural Considerations 626</p> <p>Personal and Family Considerations 626</p> <p>Obesity Physiology 626</p> <p>Potential Problems 627</p> <p>Management of Pregestational Obesity 628</p> <p>Bariatric Surgery and Pregnancy Issues 632</p> <p>Prolonged Pregnancy 632</p> <p>Intrapartum and Postpartum Issues 632</p> <p>Interprofessional Care 633</p> <p>Legal and Liability Issues 633</p> <p>Summary 633</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 634</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 634</p> <p>References 634</p> <p><b>42 Mood and Anxiety Disorders 637<br /></b><i>Heather Shlosser</i></p> <p>Introduction 637</p> <p>Depression during Pregnancy 637</p> <p>Bipolar Disorder in Pregnancy 642</p> <p>Anxiety and Trauma‐Related Disorders 645</p> <p>Interprofessional Care 647</p> <p>Summary 647</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 648</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 648</p> <p>References 648</p> <p><b>43 Hematologic and Thromboembolic Disorders 651<br /></b><i>Jalana Lazar, Karen Trister Grace and Robin G. Jordan</i></p> <p>Introduction 652</p> <p>Anemia 652</p> <p>Alloimmunization of Pregnancy 654</p> <p>Hemoglobinopathies 658</p> <p>Folate Deficiency 659</p> <p>Vitamin B12 Deficiency 660</p> <p>Bleeding Disorders 660</p> <p>Thromboembolic Disorders 661</p> <p>Summary 663</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 663</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 663</p> <p>References 663</p> <p><b>44 Respiratory Disorders 665<br /></b><i>Janyce Cagan Agruss</i></p> <p>Introduction 665</p> <p>Respiratory Physiology and Pregnancy 665</p> <p>Asthma 665</p> <p>Influenza 668</p> <p>Upper Respiratory Infection 670</p> <p>Pneumonia 671</p> <p>Summary 671</p> <p>Resource for Healthcare Providers 671</p> <p>References 671</p> <p><b>45 Urinary Tract Disorders 673<br /></b><i>Rhonda Arthur and Nancy Pesta Walsh</i></p> <p>Introduction 673</p> <p>Urinary Tract Infection 673</p> <p>Evaluation 675</p> <p>Care of Women with Urinary Tract Infections 677</p> <p>Recurrent UTI 678</p> <p>Care of Women with Suspected Acute Pyelonephritis 678</p> <p>Nephrolithiasis 678</p> <p>Summary 679</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 679</p> <p>Resource for Healthcare Providers 679</p> <p>References 679</p> <p><b>46 Gastrointestinal Disorders 681<br /></b><i>Debora M. Dole</i></p> <p>Introduction 681</p> <p>Initial Evaluation 681</p> <p>Gastroenteritis 681</p> <p>Intraheptic Cholestasis of Pregnancy 683</p> <p>Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis 684</p> <p>Acute Appendicitis 685</p> <p>Summary 686</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 686</p> <p>Resource for Women and Their Families 686</p> <p>References 686</p> <p><b>47 Endocrine Disorders 687<br /></b><i>Elizabeth Gabzdyl</i></p> <p>Introduction 687</p> <p>Thyroid Disorders in Pregnancy 687</p> <p>Overt Hypothyroidism 689</p> <p>Hyperthyroidism 691</p> <p>Postpartum Thyroiditis 692</p> <p>Iodine in Pregnancy 692</p> <p>Pregestational Diabetes Mellitus 693</p> <p>Summary 695</p> <p>Resources for Women and Healthcare Providers 695</p> <p>References 695</p> <p><b>48 Neurological Disorders 697<br /></b><i>Lise Hauser</i></p> <p>Introduction 697</p> <p>Seizure Disorders 697</p> <p>Headache 701</p> <p>Multiple Sclerosis 704</p> <p>Restless Legs Syndrome/Willis‐Eckbom Disease 705</p> <p>Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 706</p> <p>Central Nervous System Imaging in Pregnancy and Lactation 706</p> <p>Interprofessional Care 706</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 706</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 706</p> <p>References 706</p> <p><b>49 Dermatological Disorders 709<br /></b><i>Nell L. Tharpe</i></p> <p>Introduction 709</p> <p>Atopic Eruption of Pregnancy 710</p> <p>Pruritic Urticarial Papules and Plaques of Pregnancy 712</p> <p>Pruritic Folliculitis of Pregnancy 713</p> <p>Pemphigoid Gestationis 714</p> <p>Pustular Psoriasis of Pregnancy 716</p> <p>Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy 717</p> <p>Summary 718</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 718</p> <p>References 719</p> <p><b>50 Infectious Diseases 721<br /></b><i>Elizabeth A. Parr</i></p> <p>Introduction 721</p> <p>Cytomegalovirus (CMV) 722</p> <p>Group B Streptococcus (GBS) 724</p> <p>Hepatitis A 725</p> <p>Hepatitis B 726</p> <p>Hepatitis C 728</p> <p>Parvovirus B19 729</p> <p>Rubella 730</p> <p>Toxoplasmosis 731</p> <p>Varicella 734</p> <p>Emerging Infectious Diseases 735</p> <p>Ebola 736</p> <p>Zika 736</p> <p>Summary 737</p> <p>Resources for Women and Their Families 737</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 738</p> <p>References 738</p> <p><b>51 Sexually Transmitted Infections and Vaginitis 741<br /></b><i>Eva M. Fried and Cindy L. Farley</i></p> <p>Introduction 741</p> <p>Sexually Transmitted Bacterial Infections 742</p> <p>Sexually Transmitted Viral Infections 744</p> <p>Sexually Transmitted Parasitic Infection 748</p> <p>Fungal Vaginitis 749</p> <p>Bacterial Vaginitis 749</p> <p>Partner STI Treatment 751</p> <p>Legal Requirements for Reporting STI Diagnosis 752</p> <p>Psychosocial Impact of STI Diagnosis 752</p> <p>Summary 753</p> <p>Resources for Healthcare Providers 753</p> <p>Resource for Women and Partners 754</p> <p>References 754</p> <p>Index 757</p>
<p><b>About the Editors</b></p> <p><b>The three editors are professionally active with many years of experience in midwifery and women’s health clinical practice, education, and scholarship.</b> <p><b>Robin G. Jordan,</b> PhD, CNM, FACNM is a certified nurse-midwife and midwifery educator. She is currently Adjunct Faculty in the Nurse-Midwifery/WHNP programs at Georgetown University. She is engaged in local and national political advocacy with a special focus on women’s health and health policy. <p><b>Cindy L. Farley,</b> PhD, CNM, FACNM is a certified nurse-midwife and midwifery educator. She is currently a full time Associate Professor in the Nurse-Midwifery/WHNP programs at Georgetown University. She serves as a locum tenens midwife to two midwifery practices caring for Amish women in Ohio. <p><b>Karen Trister Grace,</b> PhD(c), MSN, CNM is a certified nurse-midwife and midwifery educator. She is currently Adjunct Faculty in the Nurse-Midwifery/WHNP programs at Georgetown University. She is engaged in doctoral studies at the Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing with a research focus in reproductive coercion.
<p><b> The second edition of the comprehensive and award-winning text on prenatal and postnatal care</b></p> <p>The updated edition of <i>Prenatal and Postnatal Care</i> offers a comprehensive text for the care of the woman during the childbearing year. The expert author team presents information needed to master foundational knowledge in anatomy, physiology, psychology, culture, the structure of preconception, prenatal and postnatal care, as well as the management of common health problems. <p>This edition has been revised throughout and contains six new chapters on the following topics: prenatal ultrasound, triage of the pregnant woman, assisting women to develop confidence for physiologic birth, pregnancy after infertility, oral health, and issues around diversity and inclusion in prenatal and postnatal care. Additional highlights include new and updated content on pregnant women in the workplace, prenatal genetic testing, trauma-informed care, and transgender pregnancy care. The second edition also includes commonly used complementary therapies and offers more detailed information on shared decision-making and planning for birth. <p><i>Prenatal and Postnatal Care:</i> <ul><li>Provides expanded faculty resources with case studies and test questions for each chapter </li> <li>Offers a comprehensive text that covers essential aspects of prenatal and postnatal care of the childbearing woman</li> <li>Builds on the edition that won the Book of the Year award from the American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM) in 2015.</li></ul> <p> This revised, authoritative text is an ideal resource for midwifery, nurse practitioner and physician assistant students, and healthcare providers working with pregnant and postpartum women.

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