A Collection of Papers Presented at the 41st International Conference on
Advanced Ceramics and Composites January
22–27, 2017, Daytona Beach, Florida
Edited by
This edition first published 2018
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ISBN: 9781119474692
ISSN: 0196-6219
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This Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings (CESP) issue consists of 24 papers that were submitted and approved from select symposia held during the 41st International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (ICACC), held January 22-27, 2017 in Daytona Beach, Florida. ICACC is the most prominent international meeting in the area of advanced structural, functional, and nanoscopic ceramics, composites, and other emerging ceramic materials and technologies. This prestigious conference has been organized by the Engineering Ceramics Division (ECD) of The American Ceramic Society (ACerS) since 1977.
The 41st ICACC hosted more than 1,000 attendees from 41 countries that gave over 850 presentations. The topics ranged from ceramic nanomaterials to structural reliability of ceramic components, which demonstrated the linkage between materials science developments at the atomic level and macro level structural applications. Papers addressed material, model, and component development and investigated the interrelations between the processing, properties, and microstruc-ture of ceramic materials.
The 2017 conference was organized into the following 15 symposia and 3 Focused Sessions and two Special Sessions:
Symposium 1 | Mechanical Behavior and Performance of Ceramics and Composites |
Symposium 2 | Advanced Ceramic Coatings for Structural, Environmental, and Functional Applications |
Symposium 3 | 14th International Symposium on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC): Materials, Science, and Technology |
Symposium 4 | Armor Ceramics: Challenges and New Developments |
Symposium 5 | Next Generation Bioceramics and Biocomposites |
Symposium 6 | Advanced Materials and Technologies for Direct Thermal Energy Conversion and Rechargeable Energy Storage |
Symposium 7 | 11th International Symposium on Functional Nanosmaterials and Thin Films for Sustainable Energy Harvesting, Environmental and Health Applications |
Symposium 8 | 11th International Symposium on Advanced Processing & Manufacturing Technologies for Structural & Multifunctional Materials and Systems |
Symposium 9 | Porous Ceramics: Novel Developments and Applications |
Symposium 10 | Virtual Materials (Computational) Design and Ceramic Genome |
Symposium 11 | Advanced Materials and Innovative Processing ideas for the Production Root Technology |
Symposium 12 | Materials for Extreme Environments: Ultrahigh Temperature Ceramics (UHTCs) and Nano-laminated Ternary Carbides and Nitrides (MAX Phases) |
Symposium 13 | Advanced Materials for Sustainable Nuclear Fission and Fusion Energy |
Symposium 14 | Crystalline Materials for Electrical, Optical and Medical Applications |
Symposium 15 | Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies |
Focused Session 1 | Geopolymers, Chemically Bonded Ceramics, Eco-friendly and Sustainable Materials |
Focused Session 2 | Advanced Ceramic Materials and Processing for Photonics and Energy |
Focused Session 3 | Carbon Nanostructures and 2D Materials and Composites |
Special Symposium | 3rd Pacific Rim Engineering Ceramics Summit |
Special Symposium | 6th Global Young Investigators Forum (GYIF) |
The proceedings papers from this meeting are published in the below two issues of the 2017 Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings (CESP):
The organization of the Daytona Beach meeting and the publication of these proceedings were possible thanks to the professional staff of ACerS and the tireless dedication of many ECD members. We would especially like to express our sincere thanks to the symposia organizers, session chairs, presenters and conference attendees, for their efforts and enthusiastic participation in the vibrant and cutting-edge conference.
ACerS and the ECD invite you to attend the 42nd International Conference on Advanced Ceramics and Composites (http://www.ceramics.org/icacc2018) January 21-26, 2018 in Daytona Beach, Florida.
To purchase additional CESP issues as well as other ceramic publications, visit the ACerS-Wiley Publications home page at www.wiley.com/go/ceramics.
Surojit Gupta, University of North Dakota, USA
Jingyang Wang, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Volume Editors
August 2017 ICACC
M. Azizia and J. Brouwerb
National Fuel Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
One of the main purposes of an SOFC-GT hybrid system is for distributed power generation applications. This study investigates the possible use of an SOFC-GT hybrid system to power multi-MW dynamic loads. Based upon the integration of commercially available gas turbine technology, control strategies for the SOFC-GT hybrid system are investigated for different stationary power applications. Risk analysis of compressor stall/surge in the hybrid SOFC-GT power system as it is dynamically dispatched to meet demand is assessed in transient pre-load and post-load modes. Optimal control algorithm is proposed and applied to mitigate stall/surge in compressor as a response to sudden power demand change. This study aims to study compressor stall/surge mitigation assuming a connecting pipe that reduces the back pressure on the compressor in order to maintain the compressor mass flow rate at a specific setpoint.
A better understanding of turbulent unsteady flows in compressor and gas turbine systems is a necessary step toward a breakthrough in compressor applications for hybrid fuel cell-gas turbine (FC-GT) systems transient operation. Hybrid fuel cell-gas turbines are among the many low emission power generation systems. In the previous studies at National Fuel Cell Research Center (NFCRC) at University of California, Irvine, compressor stall/surge analysis for a 4 MW locomotive hybrid solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine (SOFC-GT) engine has been performed based on the 1.7 MW multi-stage air compressor similar to available commercial compressors1. Controls methods have been previously developed for these types of systems in order to avoid stall/surge in the compressor2. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools can provide a better understanding of flow distribution and instabilities near the stall/surge line. In this study a mechanism is presented in order to mitigate stall/surge in the compressor assuming a connecting pipe between the compressor inlet and outlet that maintains constant air mass flow rate at the design condition of the compressor. This mechanism will avoid secondary stall/surge occurance in the compressor while the hybrid system is exposed to a sudden increase in power demand change from 3 MW to 3.5 MW.
Shear stress transport (SST k-co) fluid model is used for faster convergence in the turbomachinery problem. The pressure dynamics of the compressor outlet has been solved in the MATLAB/Simulink platform that was previously developed at NFCRC. Computational fluid dynamics analysis of the compressor is accomplieshed using ANSYS CFX software3. Power demand variation in the hybrid SOFC-GT system causes pressure change at the compressor outlet. The pressure variation is set as a boundary condition for the turbomachinery analysis. The results show that by using a pipe guiding the exit air flow rate to the compressor inlet, the compressor mass flow rate could be maintained at the design condition of 7 kg/s. 1.7 MW compressor is an appropriate choice among the industrial compressors to be used in a 4 MW hybrid locomotive SOFC-GT system with topping cycle design due to the enhanced ability to maintain air flow rate through the compressor during the sudden transient step-load change.
Figure 1 shows the pressure variation contour on the compressor front and rear impellers post stall/surge. The pressure on the compressor outlet is reduced while the compressor mass flow converges to the design condition at a constant value.
Figure 2. shows the air mass flow rate increase post stall/surge on the rear impeller blades due to the controlled air flow rate to meet the mass flow rate at set point.
Figure 3. shows that it takes 10 rotor revolutions post stall/surge so that the air mass flow rate can be reached to the steady normal operating condition of the hybrid SOFC-GT system. Control algorithms are topics of future research in order to reduce the delay time between the stall/surge and the normal operating condition.
In this study, analysis of post stall/surge of a 1.7 MW multi-stage compressor is investigated assuming a connecting pipe between the inlet and outlet of the compressor maintaining the compressor air mass flow rate at the 7 kg/s design condition. The reduced back pressure significantly reduces the risk of flow reversal in the 4 MW hybrid SOFC-GT system. As a result, a second stall/surge is less likely to occur after a sudden increase in the power demand is applied to the hybrid system. The response time of the air mass flow rate variation could help in future design of control systems for faster mitigation of compressor stall/surge.
The authors would like to thank Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) for its support during this research.